Android is an operating system with open source , and Google released the code under the Apache License . With open source code and license on Android licensing enables software to be freely modified and distributed by device makers , wireless carriers and application developers . In addition, the Android developer community has a large number of applications ( apps ) that extend the functionality device , generally written in a customized version of the Java programming language . In October 2012, there are approximately 700,000 apps available for Android , and around 25 million apps have been downloaded from Google Play , major Android app stores . A survey in April- May 2013 found that Android is the most popular platform for developers , used by 71% of mobile application developers .
The above factors have contributed to Android development , making it a smart phone operating system most widely used in the world , beating Symbian in 2010. Android is also an option for technology companies who want a low-cost operating system , customizable , and lightweight for high-tech devices without having to develop it from scratch . Consequently , even though the operating system was originally designed for smart phones and tablet , Android is also developed into additional applications in television , game consoles , digital cameras , and other electronic devices. The open nature of Android has encouraged the emergence of a large number of the application developer community to use open source code as a basis for making project applications , by adding new features for advanced users or devices that operate Android on officially released by using other operating systems.
Android share of the global smart phone market , led by Samsung products , with a percentage of 64 % in March 2013. In July 2013 , there are 11,868 different Android devices with different versions .
The success of this operating system also makes it a target of patent litigation " smart phone war " between technology companies . As of May 2013 , a total of 900 million Android devices have been activated worldwide , and 48 billion apps have been installed from Google Play
Android , Inc. . was founded in Palo Alto , California , in October 2003 by Andy Rubin ( founder of Danger ) , Rich Miner ( founder of Wildfire Communications , Inc. . ) , Nick Sears ( former VP T - Mobile ) , and Chris White ( head of design and interface development WebTV ) to develop " smart mobile devices that are more aware of its location and preferences " . Android development is the initial goal to develop an advanced operating system designed for digital cameras , but then realized that the market for such devices is not large enough , and then transferred to the development of the Android smart phone market to rival the Symbian and Windows Mobile ( not yet released on the Apple iPhone at that time ) . Although the Android developers are experts experienced technology , Android Inc. . operated in secret , only revealed that the developers are creating a software designed for mobile phones. Still in the same year , Rubin ran out of money . Steve Perlman , a close friend of Rubin , loaned him $ 10,000 in cash and declined the offer of shares in the company .
Google acquired Android Inc. . on August 17, 2005 , making it a subsidiary wholly owned by Google . Android Inc. founders . like Rubin , Miner and White remained with the company after it was acquired by Google . After that , not much is known about the development of Android Inc. . , But many thought that states that Google is planning to enter the mobile phone market with this action . At Google , the team led by Rubin began to develop mobile device platforms using the Linux kernel . Google marketed the platform to mobile device manufacturers and wireless carriers , with the promise that they provide a flexible system and can be updated . We have selected some companies partner software and hardware , as well as hinting to mobile operators that cooperation is open to anyone who wants to participate .
Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to grow until December 2006 . BBC and the Wall Street Journal reports that Google is working hard to include applications and search engine in mobile devices . Various print and online media reported that Google is developing mobile devices with the Google brand . Some of them speculated that Google was defining technical specifications , including mobile phone manufacturers and network operators . In December 2007 , InformationWeek reported that Google had filed several patent applications in the field of mobile phones .
On 5 November 2007, the Open Handset Alliance ( OHA ) was established . OHA is a consortium of technology companies such as Google , mobile device manufacturers such as HTC , Sony and Samsung , wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T - Mobile , and chipset manufacturers like Qualcomm and Texas Instruments . OHA itself aims to develop open standards for mobile devices . At that time , Android was inaugurated as the first product : a mobile device platform that uses Linux kernel version 2.6 .
The first commercial mobile phone that uses the Android operating system was the HTC Dream , which launched on October 22, 2008 .
Since 2008 , Android gradually have made some updates to improve the performance of the operating system , adding new features and fixing bugs found in previous versions . Each major version was released called alphabetically by the names of desserts or sugary snacks ; example , version 1.5 was named Cupcake , which was then followed by version 1.6 Donut . The latest version is 4.3 Jelly Bean . In 2010 , Google released the Nexus series ; smart phones and tablet devices with the Android operating system which is manufactured by partner mobile phone manufacturers such as HTC , LG , and Samsung . HTC in collaboration with Google to release Nexus smart phone first product , the Nexus One . This series has been updated with newer devices , such as smart phones and tablet Nexus Nexus 4 10 is manufactured by LG and Samsung .
On March 13, 2013 , Larry Page announced in his blog post that Andy Rubin had moved from Android division to work on new projects at Google . He was replaced by Sundar Pichai , who previously served as head of the division that develops Chrome Google Chrome OS .
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